As a new technology to produce edible meat through animal cell culture， cultured meat has made remarkable progress in the past decade. However， cultured meat still faces problems including high-cost price， limited production scale， and low product quality， which restrict its further development. This paper reviewed the bioengineering basis and the latest research progress of cultured meat， analyzed the key technical challenges， and proposed potential breakthrough approaches and future research prospects: 1) Simplifying and standardizing the separation process and optimizing the sorting strategy to improve the efficiency of seed cell acquisition， and accelerating the development of cell lines with high performance， the production costs of cultured meat can be reduced. 2) The development of serum-free media based on key components such as albumin and growth factors， and the use of biosynthesis methods to reduce the production cost of key components， can achieve the development of low-cost serum-free media. 3) Selecting appropriate bioreactors according to the growth characteristics of seed cells and adapting cells to suspension culture to break through the adhesion dependent properties are conducive to establish scale-up cell culture suspension system and promote scale-up cell expansion production. 4) Optimizing tissue construction materials by exploring materials compounding strategies， and regulating myogenic differentiation through material three-dimensional structure design can achieve significant improvement in the quality of cultured meat products. In this paper， the bioengineering basis and the key technical challenges of low-cost， scale-up and high-quality production of cultured meat have been analyzed and prospected， in order to provide reference for the future development of cultured meat.