The human gut microbiota is closely related to the digestion and absorption of nutrients， immune regulation， as well as the occurrence and development of diseases. It has been considered as an important "organ" of the human body. Exploring dietary nutrition， mechanism of related diseases， intervention and prevention methods from the perspective of gut microbes have become main research focus. Mice， rat， zebrafish， fruit flies etc. are commonly used as model organisms in current research， but their gut microbiota show complex composition， poor stability and are difficult to operate. Honey bee gut possessed a simple yet specific gut microbiota， which showed similarities to that of human. It has been used as a good model for studying the function of gut microbiota. In addition， honey bee has a variety of related disease phenotypes， which can be used as a promising model to study the interaction between gut microbes and the host. This article summarized the characteristics of honey bee intestinal microbes. The advantages of honeybees as a model organism to study food nutrition， disease mechanisms and dietary interventions in the cases of obesity， diabetes， and neurodegenerative diseases were discussed. Methods for studying the microbiota has been introduced as a conceptual framework with honey bee as the model organism. This will provide a promising foundation to study gut microbiota， food nutrition， and health diseases.