Fruits and vegetables are one of the important food sources for human and provide rich nutrients. The benefits of eating fruits and vegetables have long been recognized as an important source of vitamins and minerals. With the development of free radical theory and antioxidant theory， fruits and vegetables are also considered as natural antioxidants. In recent years， as the relationship between gut microbiota and human health becomes more and more clear， the role of prebiotics， another important function of fruits and vegetables， has been more and more recognized. In this paper， the new definition of probiotics and the composition of phytochemicals are used to demonstrate that fruits and vegetables can be prepared into a variety of functional prebiotics in addition to a natural prebiotic. The potential mechanism of fruit and vegetable prebiotics is also discussed at the same time. It is urgent to establish a unified prebiotic evaluation method. Based on the theory of prebiotics， nutrition evaluation and processing methods of fruits and vegetables will also have a great impact， and put forward the existing problems of the research of fruits and vegetables as prebiotics and future research direction.