High glucose has a greater impact on the body's health. High blood glucose concentrations can cause oxidative stress in the body， and has a wide range of effects， which mainly affects the body's circulatory system， urinary system， and nervous system. Disturbances in signal pathway regulation are one of the main causes of oxidative stress caused by high glucose. With the increasing of prevalence of diabetes， related diseases caused by high glucose have received more and more attention and research， but the study of oxidative stress caused by high glucose and related cell signaling pathways in various system diseases have no comprehensive report. This article firstly summarized different cell types commonly used in the research on different system diseases caused by high glucose and combined the effects of diabetes and its series of complications in different systems of the body. Meanwhile， statistically analyzing the research focued of relevant cell signaling pathways in various system diseases in the past five years. Then by analyzing and comparing the signal pathways related to oxidative stress caused by high glucose， and deriving the internal connections between the pathways， it provided a theoretical reference for the study of oxidative stress related diseases caused by high sugar.