In order to study the effect of black Jerusalem artichoke on intestinal flora and its production of short-chain fatty acids in mice， 50 KM mice were randomly divided into blank group， fructo-oligose group， black Jerusalem artichoke low， medium and high dose group. After continuous lavage for 15 days， changes of intestinal microbial composition and short-chain fatty acids content in cecum contents were detected based on 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that compared with the blank group， the black Jerusalem artichoke group did not affect the normal growth of mice， but could change the composition of intestinal bacteria of mice， regulate the relative abundance of some bacteria related to intestinal immunity， and promote the growth of uncultured bacterium f Muribaculaceae of Bacteroideaceae and NK4A136 group of Bacteroideaceae. Meanwhile， black Jerusalem artichoke could regulate the content of short-chain fatty acid（SCFA） in the cecum contents of mice and increase the content of propionic acid， n-butyric acid and n-valeric acid. It is suggested that taking appropriate dose （0.05-0.1 g） of black Jerusalem artichoke may improve the intestinal health of mice and increase the anti-inflammatory capacity. This study provides theoretical basis and basic data for the health function of black Jerusalem artichoke.