The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytoprotection and its mechanisms of blueberry anthocyanins （BA） on hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）-induced oxidative damage in A549 cells. The survival rate of A549 cells was determined by MTT. MDA levels and the activities of GSH-Px， SOD and CAT were detected by ELISA. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） was monitored by the DCFH-DA. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. RT-PCR was employed to determine mRNA relative expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis related proteins in A549 cells. Finally， western blot was used to measure the relative expression levels of apoptosis related proteins. The results showed that H2O2 concentration and treatment time were 400 μmol/L and 24 h， respectively， to establish A549 cells oxidative damage model. BA concentration of 30， 60 and 90 mg/mL had no toxic effect on A549 cells. BA could significantly inhibit the decrease of survival rate of A549 cells induced by H2O2 （P<0.05）， decrease apoptosis rate， the levels of MDA and intracellular ROS（P<0.05）， increase the activities and mRNA relative expression levels of GSH-Px， SOD and CAT （P<0.05）， and significantly up regulate the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and down regulate the mRNA and proteins relative expression levels of cytochrome c， caspase-9 and caspase-3（P<0.05）. BA can repair and protect A549 cells from oxidative damage induced by H2O2， and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the expression of apoptosis pathway related proteins， increasing the activities of intracellular antioxidant enzymes， clearing excessive ROS and reducing the rate of apoptosis.