The effects of camellia oil containing different doses of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) algal oil on the development of brain and retina of Kunming mice were studied. Firstly， Morris water maze experiment was used to conduct behavioral tests to explore the spatial and learning memory abilities of mice. Secondly， the changes of brain tissue， hippocampus and retina structure were observed by tissue staining. Finally， the related biochemical indexes in brain tissue were measured. Results: According to the Morris water maze experiment， compared with the blank group， the escape latency of mice in the positive group and each dose group of DHA showed a downward trend (P<0.01)； the results of tissue staining showed that the brain tissue of mice in DHA dose group had complete cell structure， purple nucleus and relatively uniform cytoplasm distribution. The number of hippocampal tissue cells increased， Nissl body is abundant， retinal blood vessels are evenly distributed， there is no distortion or aggregation， the trend is regular， and the blood vessel density is moderate； The content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in the brain tissue of mice in the DHA dose group decreased (P<0.01)， while the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and catalase (CAT) activity increased (P<0.05， P<0.01)， acetylcholinesterase (A-ChE) activity showed a downward trend (P<0.05， P<0.01). Camellia oil containing DHA algae oil can improve the space and learning memory abilities of mice， promote brain development in mice， and facilitate the formation of a complete retina.