Long-term， high-intensity exercise can cause exercise-induced immunosuppression in athletes， and increase the risk of upper respiratory tract infection and gastrointestinal infection. As a safe nutritional supplement， probiotics are increasingly used in sports. Increasing evidence suggests that probiotics supplementation can improve the immune function of the body and strengthen the intestinal mucosal barrier function， thereby reducing the incidence， severity， and/or duration of upper respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal diseases in athletes. These benefits can indirectly promote recovery and improve exercise performance. This article summarized the causes for exercise-induced immunosuppression in athletes， the specificity of probiotic strain/dose and potential mechanisms of action for application in sport， as well as the existing problems， future research directions for probiotics have prospected.