In recent years， the incidence of food allergy is increasing， which seriously affects the quality of life of many individuals and families. The regulatory effect and mechanism of nutrients on body metabolism have also been widely studied. More and more studies have explored the influence of nutrients on food allergy. This paper introduces the effects of vitamins， fatty acids， trace elements and dietary fiber in the diet of infants and mothers during the first 1 000 days of life on food allergy in infants and young children. This paper analyses the regulation of these nutrients on the immune system of infants and young children， then reduces the occurrence of food allergy， and aims at scientific and accurate dietary guidance for relieving food allergy of infants and young children.