Mushroom is part of the most popular large fungi with rich nutritional value. However， there are many kinds of mushrooms， some of which contain mushroom toxin， which can lead to food poisoning incidents after people eat them by mistake. Depending on statistics， nearly 100 people die each year from ingesting wild poisonous mushrooms worldwide， among which China and Europe account for at least 50% of the deaths. Mushroom poisoning has become one of the most serious food safety problems in China， accounting for half of all food poisoning death. It is very important to study the sensitive and rapid detection technology of mushroom toxin for the identification of the source of food poisoning and the subsequent symptomatic treatment of the patients. In this paper， the types and properties of common toxic mushroom toxins were reviewed， and the detection methods of mushroom toxins such as chemical colorimetry， immunoassay and mass spectroscopy-chromatography were introduced， providing ideas for the development of a more convenient and rapid detection method for toxic mushroom.