In this study， the accumulation characteristics and health risks of heavy metals Cd， As， Pb and Cr in soil-vegetable system of Hongta District (HT)， Tonghai County (TH) and Yuanjiang County (YJ) in Yuxi city were analyzed. In addition， some vegetables with high concentrations of heavy metal were screened and their cytotoxicity was investigated by in vitro gastrointestinal simulation method (SBRC) and intestinal cell Caco-2 model. The results showed that TH and HT soils were contaminated by As， Cd and/or Pb. The content of Cd in TH and HT brassica vegetables exceeded the limit value of GB 2762-2017 by 13.6 folds and 2.2 folds. The bioaccessibility of TH Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. and Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. in gastric stage was 36.40% and 9.84%， and decreased to 0.91% and 0% in intestinal stage， respectively. The bioaccessibility of YJ Houttuynia cordata Thunb. in gastric stage and intestinal stage were 25.23% and 6.69%， respectively. The health risk assessment based on the total content of heavy metals showed TH brassica vegetable may had potential health risks， while bioaccessibility date showed that there was no health risk for the three vegetables. To validate the above-mentioned results， Caco-2 cells were exposed to all bioaccessible extracts of vegetables， and cell viability was not significantly decreased at 4 h and 8 h in all groups. Collectively， based on the total of heavy metals in vegetables may overestimate their health risk， while the new assessment method based on bioaccessibility data and cytotoxicity maybe a more accurate approach for health risk assessment.