Probiotics have beneficial effects on host health by improving intestinal microecological balance， resisting harmful bacteria， enhancing the integrity of host mucosal barrier and immune regulation. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is widely used as an ideal model for host-microbial interaction and aging research due to its short life cycle and conserved host life-regulating signaling pathways and host defense mechanisms. This review summarized the anti-aging effects of probiotics in nematodes by acting on common molecular signaling pathways， including insulin (IIS)， p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and stress response， and provided new insights into the development of probiotic strains.