Objective: To determine the optimal dose of high energy electron beam irradiation to treat the Cucurbita pepo L. subsp. Pepo and improve its storage characteristics. Method: This experiment irradiated the two sides of Cucurbita pepo L. subsp. Pepo with high energy electron beams at doses of 0.3， 0.4 kGy and 0.5 kGy respectively. Results: 0.4 kGy high energy electron beam irradiation can reduce the rotting rate of Cucurbita pepo L. subsp. Pepo by 16.18%， its total phenol content remained at a high level， the soluble solid content decreased， and the accumulation of malondialdehyde decreased. And the respiratory intensity， weight loss rate， color saturation， titratable acid and peroxidase activity were not significantly different from the control melon (P>0.05). At this dose， the peak activity of superoxide dismutase was 1.14 times that of the control melon， and the ultrastructure of the melon silk cell was complete. When stored for 120 days， the brittleness， trigonelline content and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity were 1.58， 3.34 times and 1.84 times higher than those of the control melon， respectively. Conclusion: So 0.4 kGy irradiated Cucurbita pepo L. subsp. Pepo two sides is the suitable radiation dose， it is expected to be used for the storage and preservation of Cucurbita pepo L. subsp. Pepo.