In recent years， the incidence rate of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing. In 2019， there were about 417 million T2DM patients worldwide and 104 million in China， which has been a threat to human health and quality of life. The main symptom of T2DM is insulin resistance (IR) that the body cannot respond normally to insulin. Excessive intake of high fat diet (HFD) is the major incentive of IR. Many studies have proved that HFD can lead to intestinal micro-ecological imbalance， which in turn induces the IR of metabolic tissues. Researches have shown that the intestinal micro-ecology mainly controls the body's glucose and lipid metabolism by regulating the body's energy metabolism and inflammation. Further research suggests that bile acid metabolism disorder caused by intestinal micro-ecological imbalance is also another important cause of insulin resistance in the body. Therefore， this article will review the interactions among high-fat diet， intestinal flora and insulin resistance from different aspects， such as high-fat diet and insulin resistance， intestinal flora and insulin resistance， and the‘gut microbiota-bile acid-insulin resistance’. Although there is no evidence to confirm the causal relationship of‘high-fat diet-intestinal flora-bile acid’ in the occurrence and development of insulin resistance， but the mutual regulations between intestinal flora and bile acid metabolism provide enlightenment for insulin resistance， prevention and treatment of T2DM.