Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is involved in brain growth and development， and affects the regulation of neurotransmitters， synaptic plasticity and signal transduction in the brain. At present， DHA dietary supplement products on the market emerge in endlessly， which are mainly divided into triglyceride DHA (TAG-DHA)， ethyl ester DHA (EE-DHA) and phospholipid DHA (PL-DHA). The different structure of DHA esterified will affect its absorption process， transport mechanism and bioavailability. Although it is still controversial whether the bioavailability of DHA in the form of PL-DHA or TAG-DHA is the best， most examples still prove that DHA carried by phospholipids (PL-DHA) is a better form of DHA supplement. In particular， it can be better absorbed by brain tissue. The absorption process and transport mechanism of PL-DHA and other forms of DHA were compared and reviewed in this work， as well as the bioavailability of PL-DHA or TAG-DHA in humans and animals， and also relevant literature in various models. It was considered that current research was mostly animal experimental research， and that more updated research to human research was required to better understand the absorption process and mechanism of PL-DHA in the human body， as well as to assess its bioavailability and long-term effect on neural development. PL-DHA was expected to be a more effective DHA supplement， which could be added to infant formula or taken in capsules.