Zunyi black tea (ZBT) is a kind of Congou black tea originating from Zunyi city of Guizhou province in China. Currently， there are few reports about the chemical compositions and bioactivity of ZBT. Herein， the characteristic chemical compositions and hypolipidemic activity of ZBT are explored for clarifying its quality characteristics. As a result， it was observed that the content of K (22 655.89 mg/kg) was the most abundant element in ZBT， and the contents of toxic elements including As， Cd， Cr and Pb were all below the limits. Alcohols were the main volatiles accounted for 56.49%， and volatiles with floral and fruity aroma were detected， such as linalool (36.58%) and geraniol (10.91%). The content of total amino acid in ZBT was 10 396.67 mg/kg. High levels of theanine， glutamate， aspartate， asparagine contributed to the umami taste were existed in ZBT. It was showed that no astringent and bitter tastes was detected in ZBT through using electronic tongue system. In addition， the hypolipidemic activity of ZBT was investigated by high-fat zebrafish model， and water extract of ZBT at 800 μg/mL significantly reduced lipid level by 54.98% of high-fat zebrafish (P < 0.05). Hence， the above results revealed the quality characteristics of ZBT and provided further insights into bioactivity of ZBT.