In this study， the changes of muscle quality of pearl Gentian grouper were analyzed under different keep alive time of waterless preservation， and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis technology was used to establish SIMCA qualitative analysis model of keep alive time without water for pearl Gentian grouper during water-free preservation. The quantitative analysis model of muscle glycogen was established by Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results showed that the hardness and cohesiveness of pearl Gentian grouper decreased significantly with the extension of preservation time (P < 0.05)， and the pH decreased from 7.0 to 6.7. The centrifugal loss rate increased from 5.83% to 8.55%， and the cooking loss increased from 21.7% to 30.5%. The low-field NMR analysis results revealed that， after 12 hours of waterless preservation， the peak area of T22 in grouper decreased by 2.53%， while the peak area of T23 increased by 111.63%. This indicates a decrease in non-mobile water content and an increase in free water content， with limited transformation from flow to free water. Consequently， muscle water holding capacity was reduced compared to fresh grouper. The correct discrimination rate of SIMCA qualitative analysis model was 93.3%， and it had the ability to distinguish fish with different retention time. The square root error of validation set of muscle glycogen quantitative analysis model established after Mean Phoebe preprocessing was 0.24， and the correlation coefficient of validation set was 0.89. The relative deviation between predicted values and actual values was between 0.01 and 0.15， indicating that the model has high accuracy and good prediction ability. It can be used for rapid detection of glycogen content in fish samples of grouper after preservation.