Researches in the field of taste physiology have found that the fatty acids taste perception may be based on a new pathway， which is different from the existing taste perception mode. During chewing， free fatty acids activate single or multiple receptors in taste bud cells， trigger the signal transduction pathways of K+， Ca2+ and nerves， and pass the signals to the cortex of the brain regions to form taste perception. In most cases， fatty acid taste perception is affected by multiple receptors. After oral intake， fatty acids also activate the receptors in gastrointestinal tract， hypothalamus and adipose tissue， regulate the secretion of neurotransmitters and appetite hormones， and cause changes in appetite， eating behavior and energy metabolism. This paper reviews the seven fatty acid receptors of CD36， GPR40， GPR41， GPR43， GPR84， GPR120 and CB1/2 and their mediated signal pathways in signal transduction， metabolic regulation and immune response， and looks forward to their application researches.