Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the main microbial groups for probiotics screening， and have important application value in promoting human， animal， and even plant health. They are widely used in various functional foods， animal feed， and microbial fertilizers. However， the molecular mechanisms by which these bacteria have a positive impact on host health are still far from fully understood. In addition， traditional probiotic screening techniques mainly rely on the determination of phenotype and physiological and biochemical characteristics， as well as randomized controlled trials. These methods are not only time-consuming and laborious， but also difficult to replicate data. It seriously restricted the development of probiotics science and the utilization of strains because the difficulty in sharing data among different research groups， as well as the inability to achieve uniformity and standardized validation of beneficial characteristics of strains. The emergence of a new discipline called Probiogenomics， based on new sequencing techniques and powerful computer analysis methods， allowed researchers to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of probiotic screening by screening large amounts of biological data in a short period of time， greatly promoted the identification of probiotic characteristics and mechanism characterization. The latest research results on how genomic data analysis can help people efficiently and quickly identify probiotics， open up new functional evaluation pathways for probiotics， and evaluate the molecular basis of probiotic characteristic functions were reviewed in the present paper. The aim was to provide a new perspective for expanding our understanding of these beneficial microbial genomics and revealing the molecular mechanisms by which probiotics promote health characteristics.