Since scientists began to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and human health in the 19th century， and with the introduction of new concepts such as the ‘gut-brain axis’ and ‘gut-X axis’ in recent years， the impact of gut microbiota on human health has been an undisputed fact. However， the composition of human gut microbiota is subject to geographic and individual variability， making it susceptible to the influence of extrinsic factors (such as diet， medications， and exercise) and intrinsic factors (such as race， age， and blood type). Therefore， there is no universally accepted definition of ‘healthy human gut microbiota’ both domestically and internationally. Studies have shown that cornerstone species in the healthy human gut play a significant role in the species diversity and functional diversity of gut microbiota， while the imbalance in gut microbiota will cause a series of health problems， which can be regulated by improving the dietary nutritional structure， lifestyle， and supplementing probiotics and prebiotics. Based on scientific literature both domestically and internationally， and through research and analysis of the main factors affecting the gut microbiota， this paper summarizes the main characteristics of the human gut microbiota and establishes a consensus， aiming to provide a reference for the further exploration of ‘healthy gut microbiota’ and the development of related technologies and industries.