To study the protective effect of chitosan oligosaccharide on alcohol-induced hippocampal tissue， 39 newborn SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: Blank control group (CON group)， model group (ETOH group) and chitosan oligosaccharide intervention group (COS group). The alcohol injury model of newborn SD rats was established. The COS group received chitosan oligosaccharide intervention. At the end of the intervention on the 9th day after birth (PD9)， no intervention was conducted between PD9 and PD24. The phosphatidylinositol-4，5-bisphosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) of PD9 and PD24 were observed respectively expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and apoptosis-inducing factor1 (AIF1)， inflammatory factors interleukin 6 (IL-6)， interleukin 10 (IL-10)， tumor necrosis factor α (tumor necrosis factor alpha， TNF-α). The new object recognition experiment is carried out at PD24. The results showed that at PD9， PI3K， Akt proteins and their phosphorylation levels， GFAP and AIF1 protein in COS group were not significantly different from those in ETOH group， but IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly increased， TNF- α significantly decreased. At PD24， compared with ETOH group， the phosphorylation level of PI3K and Akt protein in COS group increased significantly， the expression of GFAP decreased， IL-6 and IL-10 increased significantly， and TNF- α significantly decreased. Chitosan oligosaccharide can alleviate the inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibit the overexpression of astrocyte marker GFAP in PD24.