Neurodegenerative diseases have a great negative impact on people's health and life. With the increase of the aging degree of the world population， its incidence rate is rising year by year. There are a variety of plant natural products， which have various biological activities， such as antioxidant， anti-inflammatory， regulating autophagy， etc.， and are characterized by wide sources and high safety. With the further research on the extraction method， composition， structure and functional activity of natural products in plants， it has been found that many of them， such as flavonoids， polysaccharides and peptides， can improve many neurodegenerative diseases such as cerebral ischemia， stroke， Alzheimer's disease， spinocerebellar atrophy and so on by alleviating oxidative stress， regulating cytokine levels， regulating autophagic flow， and inhibiting excitatory toxicity. Studies in cells and animals have shown significant neuroprotective effects， which can be used as a potential neuroprotective agent to prevent and relieve nervous system diseases. Due to the low bioavailability and poor permeability of the blood-brain barrier， most plant natural products cannot effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier to target specific areas to achieve therapeutic concentration of the disease， so it is necessary to use exosomes， nanoparticles and other carriers to deliver them to the diseased areas of the brain to play a role. The neuroprotection mechanism and targeted delivery system of plant natural products in food were discussed in order to provide help for the further research and application of plant natural products.