Objective: To investigate the effects of Ficus carica Linn. fermentation extract on immunomodulation and intestinal microflora in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Methods: Immunosuppressed mice models were constructed by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide， and the mice were randomly divided into blank control group (NC group)， model control group (MC group)， Ficus carica Linn. fermented extract group (FF group) and Ficus carica Linn. non-fermented extract group (NF group). The body weight of mice was recorded every 2 days during the gavage period. After 9 days of continuous gavage， the immune organ index， serum cytokines and blood routine were detected， the histopathological observation and intestinal microbial flora analysis were performed. Results: Compared with MC group， the body weight and immune organ indexes of thymus， spleen and liver in FF group and NF group were significantly increased (P<0.05)， the total number of leukocytes， monocytes and granulocytes were significantly increased (P<0.05)， and cytokines such as IL-4， IL-6， TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly increased (P<0.05). The results of histopathological observation showed that the damage caused by cyclophosphamide to mice jejunum， thymus， spleen and liver in FF group and NF group was significantly reduced， and the effect was more pronounced in FF group than NF group. The analysis of intestinal microflora showed that the levels of Blautia， Lachnospiraceae， Paraprevotella， Clostridiales， Lactobacillus， and Bacteroides were closely related to immune traits， and compared with MC group， the abundance of Lactobacillus， Helicobacter， and Unclassified_S24-7 in FF group increased more significantly than that in NF group. Conclusion: Compared with the non-fermented Ficus carica Linn. extract， the Ficus carica Linn. extract fermented by Aspergillus niger can improve the immune function of immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide and improve the intestinal microflora.