Celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy induced by dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Gluten is a type of protein complex widely present in the daily diet， whose proteins are not easily absorbed by the digestive tract， thus activating abnormal innate and adaptive immune responses in the gut of genetically susceptible individuals. Recent research supports that intestinal flora dysbiosis is one of the key factors in the development and progression of celiac disease. This article reviewed the pathogenesis， pathology and treatment strategies of celiac disease， aiming to reveal the role of intestinal flora in celiac disease and provide theoretical reference for clinical prevention and treatment of celiac disease.