Transcriptomic analysis was used to investigate the effect of adzuki bean protein hydrolysates (HAPH) on lipid metabolism disorder in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice in this study. The results showed that HAPH changed the transcriptional profile of liver genes in HFD-fed mice. Compared with the model group， there were 730 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the liver of mice treated with HAPH， of which 390 genes were significantly up-regulated and 340 genes were significantly down-regulated. KEGG annotation analysis revealed that HAPH caused 32 DEGs to be annotated to lipid metabolism pathways. KEGG enrichment analysis further indicated that HAPH significantly altered the PPAR signaling pathway， arginine biosynthesis， alanine， aspartate and glutamate metabolism， and AMPK signaling pathway， with the PPAR signaling pathway being the most significantly enriched lipid metabolism related pathway. Combined with RNA-Seq technology and qPCR verification， HAPH could significantly down-regulate the expression of PPARγ， Cd36， Fabp2， and Me1， and up-regulate the expression of Cyp7a1， Angptl4， and Pck1 to improve the abnormal lipid metabolism. This study provided a new reference for the development of functional food of adzuki bean and the study of improving chronic metabolic diseases with bean protein.