Objectives: Mung bean， a traditional medicinal and edible substance， has garnered considerable attention for its biological activities. Preliminary studies have confirmed that bound polyphenols from mung bean coat dietary fiber (pMBDF-BP) possess antioxidant and intestinal protective effects， suggesting their potential in promoting healthspan. However， the anti-aging efficacy of pMBDF-BP has not been systematically investigated. Consequently， this study aimed to investigate the anti-aging effects and mechanisms of pMBDF-BP. Methods: Based on the physiological aging model and the Aβ-induced pathological aging model in Caenorhabditis elegans， combined with physiological phenotypic analysis， transcriptomic and genetics validation， the health-promoting effects of pMBDF-BP under different aging states were systematically evaluated. Results: 100 μg/mL pMBDF-BP extended the mean/maximum lifespan of wild-type C. elegans by 8.83%/19.05%， increased locomotor activity by 84.71% in late adulthood， enhanced SOD and GSH-Px activities by 59.67% and 128.43% respectively， strengthened resistance to heat， oxidative stress， and UV irradiation， reduced lipofuscin accumulation and intestinal damage， thereby improving basal healthspan. In the Aβ pathological model， pMBDF-BP treatment prolonged paralysis time by 14.27%， reduced Aβ and α-synuclein aggregation by 48.17% and 49.23% respectively， increased the chemotaxis index by 27.22%， and consequently delayed pathological aging. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that under physiological aging， pMBDF-BP might improve healthspan and lifespan by modulating longevity-regulating pathways such as IIS and p38 MAPK， as well as mediating tryptophan metabolism. Under Aβ-induced pathological aging， it established a multi-level protective network spanning from energy metabolism to neuronal function by inhibiting IIS and mTOR signaling， enhancing mitochondrial quality control， and reshaping sensory neural circuits. Conclusions: pMBDF-BP delayed physiological aging and attenuated neurodegenerative pathologies in C. elegans through a multi-target regulatory mechanism integrating basal defense and stress adaptation. This study provided a novel scientific rationale for the systematic exploration and high-value utilization of functional components from mung bean， while offering insights for the development of medicine-food homologous products tailored to multi-stage health demands.