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    • 1  The Science and Technology Innovation Hotspots in Chinese Dairy Industry
    2024, 24(10):495-501. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2024.10.045
    [Abstract](7) [HTML](0) [PDF 901.45 K](5)
    Abstract:
    As the cornerstone of national economy and people's livelihood， the dairy industry promotes the diversification of food supply as well as the modernization of food industry and agriculture. Furthermore， it significantly improves the nutritional health of the national population. Based on down-to-earth accumulation for more than 70 years， Chinese dairy industry has cut a striking figure on the global stage and achieved the transition from ‘learning from others’ to ‘focusing on innovation’. Facing the challenges of globalization， scientific and technological innovation has occupied center stage in Chinese dairy industry. This article sorts out 12 innovation hotspots of Chinese dairy industry based on new transformation in the development of global dairy industry， including evidence of dairy nutrition and health， customized breeding of dairy cows， bioactivity of milk components retention， exploration of high value-added ingredients， and digital and intelligent management of the whole industrial chain. Those hotspots will provide insight and guidance for scientific and technological innovation as well as development of Chinese dairy industry.
    2  Scientists Consensus on Human Gut Microbiota
    robiotics Socie
    2024, 24(7):460-470. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2024.07.044
    [Abstract](311) [HTML](6) [PDF 1.23 M](507)
    Abstract:
    Since scientists began to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and human health in the 19th century， and with the introduction of new concepts such as the ‘gut-brain axis’ and ‘gut-X axis’ in recent years， the impact of gut microbiota on human health has been an undisputed fact. However， the composition of human gut microbiota is subject to geographic and individual variability， making it susceptible to the influence of extrinsic factors (such as diet， medications， and exercise) and intrinsic factors (such as race， age， and blood type). Therefore， there is no universally accepted definition of ‘healthy human gut microbiota’ both domestically and internationally. Studies have shown that cornerstone species in the healthy human gut play a significant role in the species diversity and functional diversity of gut microbiota， while the imbalance in gut microbiota will cause a series of health problems， which can be regulated by improving the dietary nutritional structure， lifestyle， and supplementing probiotics and prebiotics. Based on scientific literature both domestically and internationally， and through research and analysis of the main factors affecting the gut microbiota， this paper summarizes the main characteristics of the human gut microbiota and establishes a consensus， aiming to provide a reference for the further exploration of ‘healthy gut microbiota’ and the development of related technologies and industries.
    3  Scientific Consensus on Caffeine
    2024, 24(6):498-504. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2024.06.044
    [Abstract](353) [HTML](0) [PDF 636.97 K](242)
    Abstract:
    Caffeine is a natural bioactive ingredient commonly found in plants such as coffee， tea and cocoa. It has been widely used in food globally for many years as functional supplement. Proper intake of caffeine can help healthy individuals improve their attention， exercise ability， and relieve their fatigue. Domestic and abroad food safety regulating administration agree that caffeine intake in daily diet is safe， but attention should be paid on individual differences， caffeine intake and frequency. Many countries and regions have established strict application limits and labeling requirements for caffeine application in food. In order to further enhance the public's scientific understanding of caffeine， eliminate the prejudice against caffeine， and promote the proper application of caffeine in related food industries， the Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology organized experts in food science， public health， food safety and food nutrition， and representatives of related industries， to form a scientific consensus on caffeine， through consultation， literature retrieval and specialized workshop， so as to promote the proper use of caffeine in China.
    4  Scientific Consensus on Application of Calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (CaHMB)
    2024, 24(6):486-497. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2024.06.043
    [Abstract](265) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.20 M](241)
    Abstract:
    Calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (CaHMB)， as a new food raw material， has obtained approval in multiple countries， including China. In China， CaHMB is allowed to be used in foods for special medical purposes. However， despite being approved in China for over a decade， no products containing CaHMB have been introduced as foods for special medical purposes to the market. Thus， there is a need to form a consensus on the health benefits， safety， dosage and other aspects of CaHMB to facilitate its application in the relevant food industry， regulatory authorities and consumer understanding， thereby advancing its application to better address the nutritional and health needs of the publication. This article provided comprehensive analysis of the global research and application of CaHMB， engaging relevant academic and industrial experts to form the scientific consensus on the application of CaHMB via literature analysis and scientific discussions， as: 1) CaHMB， as new food raw material and the calcium salt form of HMB， plays a crucial role to supplement HMB in promoting muscle protein synthesis and reducing muscle protein breakdown； 2) CaHMB supplementation is beneficial to correct the negative nitrogen balance and improving muscle health in the elderly and people with various diseases (such as sarcopenia syndrome， oncology， etc.)； 3) The safety of CaHMB is widely recognized， and appropriate increase its maximal daily intake limit locally can better support target population to receive health benefits and promote industrial application development. Recommendations: At the policy level， proactive measures can guide the appropriate increase in the maximal daily intake limit of CaHMB to better address the nutritional and health needs of the population； further strengthen scientific research and innovation on CaHMB to provide scientific and technical evidence supporting its optimal application and related policy development； promote CaHMB application in food industry， especially in foods for special medical purposes， to further forest high-quality development of related industries.
    5  Scientific Consensus on Food Authenticity
    2024, 24(6):479-485. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2024.06.042
    [Abstract](244) [HTML](1) [PDF 785.42 K](246)
    Abstract:
    Food authenticity， one of the three major attributes of food， is the property that the true state of food is corresponding to its claims and consumer expectations. The application of food authenticity is beneficial for boosting consumer confidence， improving regulatory efficiency， as well as promoting high-quality development of food industry. Food authenticity can be effectively supported by well-developed laws， regulations， standards， technology， and management systems. To guide scientific research on the food authenticity and promote high-quality development of the food industry， as well as to support government regulation， the relevant experts in academic and industrial circles were organized by Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology to form this consensus after extensive discussions through enquiries， literature retrieval and seminars， which promotes to build a good ecological environment for social co-construction of food authenticity and finally guarantees food safety in China.
    6  Consensus on Dairy and Adult Nutrition and Health
    中国食品科学技术学会食品营养与健康分会
    2023, 23(10):444-451. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2023.10.042
    [Abstract](426) [HTML](318) [PDF 794.12 K](662)
    Abstract:
    Diary is important for reasonable diet， and had been proved to be closely related to the health status of adults. At present， the nutrition and health status of Chinese residents has been improved， but problems such as irrational dietary structure should not be ignored， in which there is still a large gap between the dairy intake level of Chinese adults and the Dietary Guidelines recommendation. Providing diversified and innovative dairy products and strengthening education on nutritional knowledge are effective means to increase dairy consumption. Based on this， experts from food science， food nutrition， clinical medicine， public health， traditional Chinese medicine and other fields were organized by Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology to systematically sort out the nutritional problems of the current diet status， clarify the relationship between milk consumption and adult nutrition and health， and form the expert consensus on dairy and adult nutrition and health， which would promote dairy intake level， and contribute to Healthy China Initiative.
    7  Scientific Evidence for Brain Development and Nutrition in the First 1000 Days of Life
    中国食品科学技术学会
    2023, 23(10):403-419. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2023.10.039
    [Abstract](371) [HTML](616) [PDF 1.81 M](727)
    Abstract:
    The term 'the first 1000 days of life' refers to the period spanning from pregnancy to a child's second year. This window of time is crucial for the development of the brain and represents a pivotal phase where nutritional factors can exert a profound influence. The healthy growth of the brain during early life hinges on a balanced and adequate supply of various nutrients. This article delves into a body of scientific evidence that elucidates the role of nutritional elements in promoting brain health. It encompasses discussions on critical phases in early brain development， the interplay between nutrition and neural growth， and the consequences of early-life nutritional interventions on both brain and neural development. Furthermore， it underscores the paramount importance of macronutrients and micronutrients in ensuring the structural integrity， functionality， and adaptability of the fetal and infant brain. Based on literature analysis， the article provides pertinent professional recommendations aimed at fostering the healthy development of infants and young children's brains in our nation.
    8  Scientific Consensus on Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs)
    The Chinese Institute of Food Science ,  Technology
    2023, 23(6):452-457. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2023.06.044
    [Abstract](843) [HTML](570) [PDF 583.38 K](948)
    Abstract:
    Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) constitute the third most abundant solid component in human milk and play a crucial role in establishing distinctive intestinal flora and bolstering immunity in infants and young children. The discovery， production， and application of HMOs hold significant importance in enhancing the health of certain populations and nutritional requirements， thereby benefiting society's overall well-being. HMOs have received regulatory approval and/or commercial availability in over 100 countries and regions. The primary method employed for their production involves microbial fermentation， resulting in HMO structures that are identical to those found in breast milk. Extensive animal toxicology experiments and clinical trials have confirmed the safety of HMOs for use in infant formula food. To foster industrial progress in the development of high-quality infant formula， food for special medical purposes and other related fields in China， as well as to cater to the nutritional and health needs of a more extensive consumer base， the relevant experts in academic and industrial circles were organized by Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology to form this consensus after extensive discussions through enquiries， literature retrieval and seminars， which promotes the legal use of HMOs in China's food industry.
    9  A Scientific Review of Research and Evaluation of Probiotics Efficacy
    2023, 23(5):444-455. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2023.05.044
    [Abstract](1234) [HTML](697) [PDF 1.13 M](856)
    Abstract:
    Probiotics are a group of living microorganisms beneficial to host health when administered in adequate amounts. In recent years， the probiotic industry has thrived domestically and internationally. It has become a global research hotspot and a primary direction of industrial innovation and development by profoundly exploring and analyzing the probiotics' efficacy and health action mechanism and achieving more accurate， effective and safe probiotics for human health. The beneficial effect of probiotics is strain specific， and yet its efficacy needs to be evaluated scientifically and a unified standard for the evaluation of probiotics efficiency is required. At present， based on the systematic analysis of the research status of probiotics' regulation of intestinal flora and immunity， the Probiotics Society of the Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology sorted out in vitro evaluation methods of whole gene sequencing technology through animal experiments， population experiments and clinical trials. Furthermore， with expert opinions， provided a set of domestic and international regulations and relevant standards. This research aimed to provide a reference for scientific research， standard and regulation formulation， industrial application， and scientific popularization of probiotics.
    10  The Top Six Research Topics in Breast Milk Science and Infant Formula Manufacturing Technology
    中国食品科学技术学会食品营养与健康分会
    2022, 22(12):413-424. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2022.12.040
    [Abstract](503) [HTML](438) [PDF 1.72 M](715)
    Abstract:
    Breast milk research， which is the focus of maternal and infant health research， is the golden key to unlocking the mysteries of early life nutrition. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the research trends of breast milk science and infant formula manufacturing technology， and to clarify the innovative direction of maternal and infant nutrition research in China. Based on the analysis of literature and industrial research， top six research topics was illustrated， including nutritional needs of early life， depth exploration of milk composition， effects assessment of breast milk， innovative manufacturing of functional raw materials， testing technology and evaluation methods of raw materials， efficient retention of active ingredient， covering the maternal and child nutrition scientific research， functional material research and infant formula manufacturing technology， thus providing important reference for scientific research of breast milk and development of infant formula industrial.
    11  Scientific Consensus on Erythritol
    中国食品科学技术学会
    2022, 22(12):405-412. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2022.12.039
    [Abstract](927) [HTML](589) [PDF 856.20 K](850)
    Abstract:
    Erythritol， as a kind of sweetener， has received much attention from the market and industry due to an increasing demand of healthy diet and reduced or low sugar intake. The consensus was carried out with literature searches and symposiums. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of the previous researches and applications of erythritol， the scientific consensus of erythritol is formed by combining the opinions of relevant experts in the scientific and industrial circles such as food additives and food science. Erythritol is a kind of four-carbon polyol and it is widely distributed in nature， with characteristics included low-calorie and high-tolerance， etc. At present， industrial production of erythritol is mainly adopted by microbial fermentation， and its safety as food additive has been recognized by authoritative institutions at home and abroad. However， more researches on its production and application are still necessary， and promote scientific cognition. The consensus will take an important role in terms of guiding industrial scientific understanding， enterprises standardizing use and public reasonable consumption for erythritol， and thus help to promote the healthy and innovative development of erythritol-related food industries.
    12  Scientific Consensus on Plant-based Foods (2022)
    2022, 22(10):450-457. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2022.10.045
    [Abstract](805) [HTML](609) [PDF 884.44 K](715)
    Abstract:
    Objective: To clarify the characteristics and direction of the development of plant-based foods in China， provide insight into the development needs of plant-based foods industry， refine the trade consensus of industrial science， technology and policies， as well guide and standardize industrial development. Method: The relevant experts in academic and industrial circles were organized to form this consensus after extensive discussions through enquiries， literature retrieval and seminars. Results: Plant-based food is a new category that has similar quality characteristics to animal food and meets the nutritional needs of consumers. The development of plant-based foods is helpful to optimize the diet structure of residents and improve nutrition and health level， realize efficient utilization of food resources and guarantee food security in China. The processing of plant-based foods should achieve the goals of high-quality protein， rich nutrition， true texture， excellent flavor， similar color， and so on. Policy guidance and support for the plant-based foods trade should be strengthened to promote the high-quality development of China's plant-based foods industries. Conclusion: Plant-based foods meet the strategic needs of national sustainable development， and should be innovated and improved constantly in science， technology， laws and regulations.
    13  Table 2 The role of postbiotics in regulating immunity in animal experiments
    Research of Postbiotics Industrial Application
    2022, 22(8):416-426. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2022.08.043
    [Abstract](235) [HTML](359) [PDF 1.16 M](429)
    Abstract:
    With the deepening of the research on the relationship between microorganisms and health benefit on the host， scientists have found that some inanimate microorganisms， microorganisms′ components， with or without their metabolites is benefit on the hots. ′Postbiotics′ is widely used in the scientific literature， but lacks a clear definition in domestic and foreign. In this review， the term of ′postbiotics′ was defined based on the scientific research and commercial application. The health benefit of postbiotics， standard regulations at home and abroad and technical problems of postbiotics in industrial application were summarized in this paper. It will be helpful for the scientific research and industrial development of ′postbiotics′.
    14  A Scientific Review of the ‘Dose-response Relationship’ of Probiotics
    A Scientific Review of the ‘Dose-response Relationship’ of Probiotics
    2022, 22(7):443-455. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2022.07.043
    [Abstract](568) [HTML](1434) [PDF 1.24 M](814)
    Abstract:
    Probiotics are live microorganisms that， when administered in adequate amounts， confer a health benefit on the host. Scientific researches have shown that probiotics can modulate the balance of human gut microbiota， attenuate constipation and antibiotic-associated diarrhea and so forth， but the health benefits of probiotics exert only when administered in adequate amounts. In this review， the clinically effective doses of probiotics on functional constipation， antibiotic-associated diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome， the influencing factors of probiotics health benefits， and recommended intake of probiotics in the international standards or regulations was illustrated. Based on the analysis of the dose-response relationship of probiotics， the expert consensus is reached. It will help for the construction of standards and regulations of probiotics and the development of industrialization of probiotics in China.
    15  Scientific Consensus on Milk Fat Globule Membrane and Its Ingredients
    Chinese Institute of Food Science ,  Technology
    2022, 22(4):471-476. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2022.04.046
    [Abstract](306) [HTML](418) [PDF 606.63 K](515)
    Abstract:
    Objective: Whey protein powder rich in milk fat globule membrane is one of the ingredients supplied in infant formula milk powder. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the research literature on the effect of milk fat globule membrane on infant nutrition and health， relevant experts formed the 'Scientific Consensus on Milk Fat Globule Membrane and Its Ingredients'. Methods: Organizing relevant experts from both scientific and industrial fields. The consensus was carried out with literature search and symposiums. Results: The milk fat globule membrane is a complex three-layer phospholipid protein membrane composed of polar lipids， cholesterol and proteins， envelopes on the surface of milk fat globules. Sphingomyelin and gangliosides are the characteristic lipids of the milk fat globule membrane ingredients. Its safety and tolerability have been demonstrated in clinical trials. The existing researches have shown that infant formula milk powder supplied in milk fat globule membrane ingredients can promote the cognitive development of the infant's brain and enhance infant's immunity. At present， there is no quality standard for milk globule membrane ingredients manufacturers. The components of milk fat globule membrane related ingredients are complex and variable and which vary greatly due to different processing methods. The analysis methods for raw materials and end products， especially for membrane proteins are not well developed. The analysis methods of milk fat globule membrane ingredients and their main characteristic components， the quality control of products， the study about nutritional functions and clinical trials should be strengthened. The government， food science & technology and industry should also strengthen the knowledge of milk fat globule membrane and its ingredients. All these effects together can promote the healthy development of the infant formula food industry in China.
    16  Effects of Fermented Dairy on Human Milk Components of Overweight or Obese Pregnant Woman and Maternal-child Health
    Fan Rui ,  Liu Yanpin ,  Zhao Junying ,  Liu Bin ,  Liu Qian ,  Gao Ziqing ,  Chen Lijun
    2022, 22(3):53-61. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2022.03.007
    [Abstract](522) [HTML](530) [PDF 1.56 M](702)
    Abstract:
    The first 1 000 days is a critical window of opportunity to promote healthy life， during which diet is an important factor. The study used randomized clinical trial to randomly divide the overweight or obese pregnant women into fermented dairy group intervened with fermented dairy from early pregnancy to six months postpartum and control group. Members in fermented dairy group were arranged 200 mL yogurt containing probiotics and prebiotics everyday. Fresh human milk samples， follow-up table for maternal-child health， and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) were collected regularly postpartum to investigate the effect of fermented dairy on microbiota and macronutrients of human milk， mothers' body mass index (BMI) and postpartum depression， weight and neuropsychological development of infants. The results showed that compared with control group， fermented dairy intervention would significantly reduce the relative abundance of Veillonella， Cutibacterium， Streptococcus， Rothia， Neisseria and other microbiomes and improve the relative abundance of Ralstonia in human milk of 42 d postpartum. For human milk of 3-6 month postpartum， the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella， Subdoligranulum increased significantly and the relative of Streptococcus decreased significantly in the fermented dairy group compared with the control group. Besides， fermented dairy intervention improved significantly the content of true protein that contained functional proteins such as α-lactalbumin， lactoferrin and lysozyme in human milk of 3-6 months postpartum. There were no differences in other outcomes including mothers' body mass index， infants' weight and neuropsychological development. In conclusion， fermented dairy riched in probiotics and prebiotics could significantly regulate human milk's microbiota and true protein content， which might be helpful for infants' health.
    17  Research Advances on the Physiological Function of Flavonoids Based on Gut Microbiota
    Li Tao ,  Li Qili ,  Zhang Qun ,  Lai Dengni ,  Deng Fangming ,  Shan Yang
    2022, 22(2):357-368. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2022.02.038
    [Abstract](785) [HTML](1427) [PDF 1.23 M](2121)
    Abstract:
    Flavonoids are a kind of polyphenolic compounds with 2-phenyl flavone structure， which are widely found in fruits， vegetables and tea leaves， and have the functions of anti-oxidation， reducing blood lipids， regulating blood glucose and inhibiting inflammation. Numerous studies have corroborated that the metabolic absorption and physiological function of flavonoids in vivo are closely related to gut microbiota. In this paper， we elucidated the interaction between flavonoids and gut microbiota from the structure and function of gut microbiota， types and products of microorganisms involved in metabolism， types and activities of metabolic enzymes and other aspects， summarized the mechanism of flavonoids in preventing obesity， diabetes， irritable bowel syndrome， cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease by regulating gut microbiota， so as to provide theoretical basis for the application of flavonoids in functional foods.
    18  Linear Epitopes Screening Study of Major Walnut Allergen Jug r 2 Based on Anti-digestion Peptides
    Hao Mengzhen ,  Li Xinrui ,  Mu Yao ,  Chen Xi ,  Che Huilian
    2022, 22(2):1-10. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2022.02.001
    [Abstract](935) [HTML](1456) [PDF 2.72 M](1712)
    Abstract:
    Jug r 2 is the major allergen of walnut. And the linear epitopes on Jug r 2 is a key factor in triggering a severe allergic reaction. Hence， the research on the efficient strategy for analyzing the linear epitopes of Jug r 2 is necessary. In our study， two immunoinformatic tools including DNAStar Protean and ABCpred were used to predict the B cells linear epitopes on Jug r 2. In vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and HPLC-MS/MS were used to identify anti-digestion peptides. And anti-digestion peptides were located on the 3D model of Jug r 2. The results showed that eight predicted B cells linear epitopes were AA186-199， AA226-230， AA257-263， AA284-289， AA373-382， AA389-398， AA408-414， AA472-487； eleven anti-digestion peptides were AA215~220， AA250~260， AA323~337， AA351~356， AA363~388， AA428~438， AA470~483， AA488~513， AA514~526， AA527~541， AA545~572. Of all anti-digestion peptides， four coincided with the predicted or true B cells linear epitope sequences and eight coincided with true T cells epitopes sequences. Anti-digestion peptides showed good antigenic properties in hydrophilic and flexible on the localization of Jug r 2 3D structure. Therefore， the anti-digestion property of food allergens may be a promising direction for studying linear epitopes of Jug r 2.
    19  Induction of Plantaricin RX-8 from Lactobacillus plantarum RX-8 Production by Co-culture
    Nie Rong ,  Li Xue ,  Gao Yakun ,  Liu Guorong ,  Wang Chengtao ,  Sun Baoguo
    2022, 22(1):21-30. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2022.01.003
    [Abstract](751) [HTML](1357) [PDF 1.36 M](1787)
    Abstract:
    Objective:Lactobacillus plantarum RX-8 was isolated from Chinese traditional pickles and shown to produce plantaricin EF,a genetically characterized inducible class IIb bacteriocin.It has broad spectrum antibacterial ability,good processing application characteristics and great potential application as a natural food biological preservative.However,plantaricin EF encounter various limits both in industrial fermentation and application because of its low synthesis.This work aimed at showing the effect of exogenous microorganisms act as an environmental stimulus activating plantaricin EF production by Lactobacillus plantarum RX-8.Method:Based on the existing conventional pure culture conditions and the main influencing factors of bacteriocin production by strain RX-8,two pure culture model systems with low and no bacteriocin production were established.Aliquots of the 16 strains from different fermented food sources were added to fresh MRS broth containing Ca.108 CFU/mL of an overnight culture of Lactobacillus plantarum RX-8.By comparing the bacteriocin antibacterial activity in co-culture and pure culture,the best co-culture induced strains and their conditions were screened and determined.To study the specific types of induction,the inducing activity of different treatments with living-cells and supernatants were tested.Results:When Bacillus subtilis BS-15 from grain vinegar was co-cultured with the strain RX-8,it showed significant induction ability (P<0.01).The best bacteriocin production was induced by co-cultivation as follows:the optimal inoculation ratio of Bacillus subtilis BS-15 and Lactobacillus plantarum RX-8 was 10:1,and the inoculation concentration was 108 CFU/mL and 107 CFU/mL respectively.It was speculated that the induction was caused by the protein substances secreted by Bacillus subtilis BS-15.Conclusion:Taken together,the results suggest that the presence of specific microorganisms act as environmental stimulus activating plantaricin EF production.Microbial co-cultivation can be used as an important technical means to increase the production of lactic acid bacteria.
    20  Inhibitive Effects of SIRT3-augmenting Polyphenols on Cellular Oxidative Stress
    Chen Hui ,  Peng Yuxin ,  Xu Yinghao ,  Zhao Chong
    2022, 22(1):12-20. DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2022.01.002
    [Abstract](479) [HTML](1437) [PDF 1.42 M](1697)
    Abstract:
    In this study,the trans-well co-culture system of Caco-2 monolayer cells and HaCaT cells was established,and the effects of resveratrol,kaempferol,punicalagin,fisetin and oenothein B on SIRT3 expression were evaluated by the SIRT3-EGFP reporter gene system in HaCaT cells,as well as the protective effect of the selected SIRT3-augmenting polyphenols on UVB-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells were further investigated.The result showed that resveratrol,kaempferol and oenothein B significantly enhanced the expression of exogenous and endogenous SIRT3 gene;among them,oenothein B significantly reduced the level of ROS in HaCaT cells;however,knockdown SIRT3 expression significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of oenothein B on UVB-induced oxidative stress.In conclusion,the inhibition effect of oenothein B on UVB-induced ROS generation depends on SIRT3 in the co-culture system of Caco-2 cells and HaCaT cells.
    21  Effect of Paeonol on Quorum Sensing Phenomenon and Biofilm Formation of Serratia grimessi
    刘景云；李婷婷；王当丰；杨亚茹；励建荣；谢晶；王明丽；周小敏；郭晓华；
    2021(8):25-34.
    [Abstract](301) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    In this paper， bioreporter strain Chromobacterium Violaceum 026 （CV026） was used to detect the inhibitory effect of quorum sensing inhibition activity of paeonol. Then anti-quorum sensing and anti-biofilms efficacy of paeonol against Serratia grimessi were further studied. The results indicated that peaonol could inhibit the violacein production secreted from CV026 when the bacteria was the sub-minimum inhibitory concentration （sub-MIC）. When peaonol mass concentration was 500 μg/mL， the yield of violacein decreased by 57.95%. The results of optical microscope analysis showed that paeonol could hinder the biofilm formation of Serratia grimessi. The scanning microscope results also manifested the biofilm inhibition of paeonol and further showed a rupture of biofilm caused by paeonol. Furthermore， the expression of virulence factors， such as swarming activity， protease production and extracellular polysaccharide production， had been suppressed after treating with paeonol. With the increase of paeonol， the suppressed effect was shown as the mass concentration-dependently. These results demonstrated that the paeonol had an effective inhibitory activity and could be developed as a potential quorum sensing inhibitor （QSI）.
    22  Simulation of Continuous-flow Microwave Heating Process of Liquid Foods
    杨化宇；张宇皓；闫博文；范大明；高文华；赵建新；张灏；陈卫
    2021(7):170-178.
    [Abstract](255) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    In order to meet the requirements of pasteurization and sterilization， the conduction heating of liquid food with steam as the heat source usually exist serious heat loss and fouling of the pipeline， which can be solved by microwaves with its dielectric heating properties. In this study， the numerical analysis of the electric field distribution in a novel continuous-flow microwave heating equipment was performed by a coupled multi-physics simulation model， and the effects of operating parameters such as volume flow， input power and microwave frequency on the thermal response were investigated. The accuracy and validity of the simulation model was confirmed by comparing the average outlet temperature in both calculated and experimental results. The results show that the heat absorption of fluid is closely related to the electric field distribution in the resonant cavity， which directly determines the temperature distribution during the heating process， and the region with high field strength is conducive to increasing the fluid heating rate. In addition， the rapid heating region can improve the heating effect of other areas inside the pipeline by means of fluid heat transfer. The changes in volume flow and input power indirectly affect the contribution of dielectric heating and fluid heat transfer to the thermal response， and the microwave frequency also can directly affect the heating effect. The simulation model can comprehensively consider the multiple factors and predict the heating effect， which is helpful to analyze the electromagnetic thermal response of the fluid and promote the microwave replacement of the liquid food thermal processing.
    23  Studies on the Interactions of Fish Myosin with Fishy Odor Compounds
    徐永霞；王瑞；尹一鸣；赵洪雷；李学鹏；仪淑敏；王明丽；周小敏；励建荣
    2021(7):9-17.
    [Abstract](478) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    The mechanism of the interaction bighead carp myosin binding characteristic fishy odor compounds was illustrated by establishing a system of myosin-fishy odor compounds. The interaction of myosin with fishy odor compounds were explored by HS-GC-MS， molecular simulation， DSC， Raman spectroscopy， etc. The results showed that the binding ability of myosin with six fishy odor compounds increased significantly with the increase of carbon chain length and unsaturation degree. In addition， the binding ability of 1-octen-3-ol was significantly lower than that of aldehydes. The existence of odor compounds unfolded the molecular structure of myosin and caused the transformation of α-helix to β-sheet and β-turn. Meanwhile， the surface hydrophobicity of myosin， total sulfhydryl groups and active sulfhydryl group increased， while the absolute value of Zeta potential and thermal stability of myosin decreased. Moreover， the effect of aldehydes on the structure of myosin was significantly higher than that of alcohols. The interaction forces between selected fishy substances and myosin were mainly hydrophobic interaction， hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding.
    24  Effects of Lactobacillus casei Zhang on Spatial Learning and Memory of Rats
    王帅；马达；张勇；孙志宏
    2021(6):101-106.
    [Abstract](333) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    In this study， Lactobacillus casei Zhang（LCZ） was used as the research object. Twenty male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups： the control group （NC group） and the LCZ group （4×109 CFU/mL/d）. The effect of LCZ on spatial learning and memory of rats was evaluated by the time（escape latency） of adult rats to reach the target hole during the Barnes maze test. The results showed that during the training of spatial learning for 4 days the escape latency of rats in the LCZ group was shorter than that in the NC group gradually， and a significant difference appeared on the 3rd day （95.63 s±86.78 s， P<0.05）；The escape latency of LCZ group rats was （93.65±71.88） s， which was significantly shorter than that of NC group （174.42±77.51） s during the test of short-term spatial memeory （P<0.05）. In summary， LCZ can significantly improve the spatial learning and memory of rats.
    25  Studies on the Difference about N6-Methyladenine Methylation of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis
    郑慧娟；李伟程；赵飞燕；蔡虹宇；孙志宏；张和平
    2021(5):14-22.
    [Abstract](443) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Studies on the Difference about N6-Methyladenine Methylation of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis
    26  Homology Modeling and Prediction on B Cell Liner Antigenic Epitopes of Ses i 3 from Sesamum indicum
    马秀丽；张九凯；孙劲旅；李宏；黄文胜；韩建勋；葛毅强；陈颖
    2021(4):9-18.
    [Abstract](285) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    In order to predict the structure and B cell liner epitopes of sesame allergen Ses i 3， the bio-information Editseq software of DNAStar， the network server-SOMPA and The BepiPred 1.0 Server were used to predicted the antigenicity， hydrophilicity， surface probability， flexibility and secondary structure. The B-cell prediction epitope was synthetically analyzed. The tertiary structure of Ses i 3 protein was successfully built by homology modeling with SWISS-MODEL and evaluated by the Ramachandran software for stability. Results indicated that B-cell liner epitopes had the high probability in the regions of SESKDP， RQKHQGEHG， NRKSP， QHG， YQREKGRQDDDNPTDPEKQY， RRQG， KYREQQGREGGRGE， EGR， EQGR， RQDR， ENP， RHE， ESK， RPTH， ASQ， SRSRGSYQGETRGRP， ANNNE， SRSQQ， GPRQQQQGR. Homologous modeling with 5e1r.2 as the template successfully constructed the tertiary structure of sesame allergen Ses i 3， and Ramachandran's evaluation showed that the protein model was conformational stable. These results provide a basis for the preparation of specific antibody peptides and the detection of allergens.
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